A Guide for Pet Owners
TLC Animal Hospital
What Is Patellar Luxation?
Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic condition in dogs where the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position in the groove of the thigh bone. This can cause temporary lameness, pain, or an abnormal gait. The kneecap may “pop out” occasionally or stay luxated for longer periods, depending on the severity.
Why Does It Happen?
Patellar luxation may be caused by:
Genetics (common in small breeds)
Abnormal limb alignment
Trauma or injury
Congenital deformities (present from birth)
Dogs with certain leg conformations or breeds with shallow knee grooves are more prone to this condition.
Common Signs of Patellar Luxation
You may notice:
Sudden limping or “skipping” steps
Intermittent holding up of a back leg
Popping or clicking sounds from the knee
Difficulty jumping or rising
Soreness after activity
Bow-legged or knock-kneed posture (in advanced cases)
Breeds at Higher Risk
Pomeranians
Chihuahuas
Yorkshire Terriers
Toy and Miniature Poodles
Boston Terriers
Papillons
Sometimes seen in larger breeds too
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will perform:
A physical exam to assess kneecap movement
Palpation of the knees for signs of instability or pain
X-rays (in some cases) to evaluate bone structure and joint alignment
The condition is graded on a scale from 1 to 4, based on severity:
Grade
Description
Likely Treatment
I
Kneecap pops out with pressure but goes back on its own
Often no surgery needed, exams every 6-12 months to monitor for progression
II
Kneecap occasionally pops out and stays luxated briefly
If pet not showing symptoms, may need monitoring (exams every 3-6 months initially, then yearly) or surgery
If pet showing symptoms, surgery is usually recommended
III
Kneecap is out most of the time but can be manually replaced
Surgery usually recommended
IV
Kneecap is permanently out and cannot be replaced
Surgery strongly recommended
Treatment Options
Non-surgical options (for mild cases):
Weight management to reduce stress on joints
Joint supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin)
Anti-inflammatory medications (when needed)
Physical therapy or at-home exercises
Surgical treatment (for moderate to severe cases):
Deepening the patellar groove (trochleoplasty)
Realigning the kneecap (tibial tuberosity transposition)
Soft tissue tightening or release
Post-surgical recovery includes rest, controlled exercise, and possibly physical rehabilitation.
What You Can Do at Home
Keep your dog at a healthy weight
Avoid excessive jumping, especially on slick floors
Use ramps or steps for getting on furniture
Provide non-slip rugs to improve traction
Follow your vet’s recommendations closely
Prognosis
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most dogs with patellar luxation can return to a happy, active life. Surgery is generally very successful, especially when performed before arthritis or long-term damage sets in.
Questions? Concerns?
📞 Call us at (915) 592-6200
📍 Visit us at www.tlcvetelpaso.com
We’re here to help your dog stay mobile and pain-free!
